Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice free essay sample

The position Thrasymachus assumes the meaning of equity, just as its significance in the public arena, is one far contrasting from the assessments of different questioners in the main book of Plato’s Republic. Holding onto his job as a Sophist in Athenian culture, Thrasymachus sets out to forcefully question Socrates’ feeling that equity is an advantageous and significant part of life and the perfect society. Over the span of the discourse, Thrasymachus defines three significant attestations in regards to equity. These cases incorporate his feeling that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the benefit of the stronger,† â€Å"it is simply to comply with the rulers,† and â€Å"justice is actually the benefit of another [†¦] and hurtful to the person who obeys and serves. † Socrates consistently difficulties these cases utilizing what is presently known as the â€Å"Socratic method† of addressing, while Thrasymachus attempts to protect his perspectives. This paper tries to contend the impossibility of Thrasymachus’ sees through an examination of his fundamental cases with respect to equity, just as his view that unfairness brings more prominent bliss. We will compose a custom exposition test on Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In Book I of Republic, Socrates endeavors to characterize equity with the assistance of his companions and associates. After various proposals refute or lacking, Thrasymachus attempts his hand to characterize the term, persuaded that his definition sounds valid. Thrasymachus starts in expressing, â€Å"justice is nothing other than the upside of the stronger,1† and subsequent to nudging, clarifies what he implies by this. Thrasymachus accepts that the more grounded rule society, in this way, making laws and characterizing to the numerous what ought to be viewed as just. He relates, in any case, that the more grounded make said laws for their own advantage and hence in acting legitimately, the governed are performing for the rulers advantage and not their own. This contention isn't possible for an assortment of reasons. One of the key qualities of equity is decency, which can likewise be characterized as being sensible or unprejudiced. 5 Impartiality implies that you don't support one side over another6, and in this way suggests if one somehow managed to act fairly and accordingly fair-mindedly, they would not act in an approach to profit just a chosen few. Moreover, equity in its actual structure can't be utilized exclusively for the upside of the more grounded without the majority recognizing the shameful acts being forced upon them, as Thrasymachus proposes is the situation. For equity is one of the numerous attributes of ethical quality, which is viewed as characteristic dependent on an internal conviction. 7 Therefore, if the many were acting against said internal conviction entirely to assist the more grounded, would they not experience a characteristic sentiment of foul play? This contention the same can be utilized to discredit another of Thrasymachus’ essential cases that â€Å"justice is actually the benefit of another [†¦] and unsafe to the person who obeys and serves. †3 notwithstanding his definition, Thrasymachus contends the estimation of equity as a human or cultural trademark, guaranteeing that bad form is unquestionably increasingly valuable to the person. Thrasymachus attests that oppression: makes the practitioner of bad form most joyful and its victims, who are reluctant to do treachery, generally pitiable. †¦] foul play, in the event that it is on an enormous enough scale, is more grounded, more liberated, and more skillful than equity. 5 To choose whether a treacherous man discovers more bliss than a simply man does, one must comprehend the genuine importance of the word. The word reference characterizes bliss as â€Å"characterized by joy, happiness, or satisfaction. †8 Thrasymachus embodies the unjustifiabl e man as somebody who is continually looking for self-satisfaction, satisfying their wants regardless of what the expense to other people. It is in their tendency to never be happy with what they have, and consequently it is far-fetched that the unjustifiable man would ever encounter genuine happiness. Conversely, the simply man is content maintaining laws and representing more noteworthy's benefit and is in this manner equipped for encountering a more noteworthy satisfaction than one who participates in shameful acts. The word reference proceeds to express that bliss can likewise be characterized as â€Å"feeling fulfilled that something is correct or has been done well. 8 Thus, an out of line man would never really be cheerful, as they know about the treacheries they have submitted unto others so as to profit themselves. Furthermore, on the off chance that one is to look to the cardinal ethics, not exclusively is equity itself included, balance is also. Moderation, which means â€Å"restraint even with enticement or desire†9 is certainly not an attribute of an unfair man. Truth be told, Thrasymachus contends t hat one ought to consistently look to satisfy their own wants practicing foul play as an approach to do as such. Ethicalness is supposed to be a proportion of one’s worth, in this way, in walking out on it, an unjustifiable man would never be as self satisfied and cheerful as a highminded one. The main book of Republic delineates an assorted scope of perspectives regarding the meaning of equity. None, be that as it may, brings out such discussion and investigation as Thrasymachus’ exchange. His perspective calls to the bleeding edge various significant inquiries with respect to the issue, and is a fundamental piece to Plato’s puzzle of characterizing equity.

Celebrities Endorsement to a Brand Promotion Dissertation

Big names Endorsement to a Brand Promotion - Dissertation Example Big names went about as the representative to advance and publicize the item, administrations and now and then thoughts. Those famous people for the most part originated from the film, sports, demonstrating and workmanship scene industry. English on-screen character Lillie Langtry was the principal big name endorser showed up on the bundle of Pears cleanser in the year 1893. In that time, sponsors utilized big names so as to direct the market pattern. As indicated by Belch’s investigate (2009), endorsers can be isolated into three distinct gatherings that are specialists, superstars, and lay endorsers (Belch and Belch, 2009). A specialist can be characterized as having some particular information specifically region that can be advanced. Generally specialists are picked due to their intensive information. At the point when a dental specialist is utilized in toothpaste business then the dental specialist can be characterized as a specialist. Lay endorsers are the individuals wh o are at first obscure to their crowd. It has been seen that these people are chosen by the objective portion so that, target fragment can relate themselves with the endorser and the message. Sound ad and the voice-over in video notices are normally that of a lay endorser. As indicated by Kambitsis et al, employments of superstars are getting increasingly advanced just as progressively muddled. Fame of utilizing superstars in USA expanded from around 15% to 25 % and it has been seen that over 20% of the Television plugs highlight VIPs. It very well may be demonstrated that the utilization of big names in publicizing produces part of consideration and exposure from open.

Science Based Extempore Essay Samples

Science Based Extempore Essay SamplesPhysics Extended Essay Samples is one of the different ways to help students to study up on the physical sciences, but it's also one of the most recognized methods of study. It can be used in many different types of courses such as High School Physics, Advanced Physics for University.If you have been looking for a science course that will help to allow students to develop a strong understanding of the physical world, then you should consider this. The science behind Physics Extended Essay Samples is based on the idea that everything is made of particles and energy, and the students are taught how to be able to understand the universe in more detail.Most textbooks and exam study material are written in an easy to understand way, but that doesn't mean they aren't a good base for students to start with. What is good about this type of lesson is that students can learn the scientific concepts much quicker than they would otherwise. A student can spend months studying the books and only find out that they are completely wrong within days, or even hours.As with all science, there is a lot more to understand about the different parts of the world. But if a student takes a real science course, that student will learn about all these different parts in their first year, or even during their second year. This gives students a great head start on understanding these topics.Physics Extended Essay Samples teaches a whole new method of learning physics. Instead of being limited to the subject matter in their first year of High School Physics, they can start to be able to better understand how physics can make the world a better place to live in. Many teachers have found that teaching these types of lessons give them more time to study up on the world in their class.Sometimes, students have a hard time understanding things and it can make the entire course seem pointless. A student may do well in the course, but realize at some point in th eir life that they didn't do anything to make the world a better place. But now they see the importance of helping the world by learning more about the physical world.For many students, Physics Extended Essay Samples is a way to start off their high school career. The methods used are proven and tested, so it will not have any side effects on a student's life. It's important to note that this isn't a one way ticket to do well in any subject.Students must understand the concepts before they can fully grasp what they are being taught. But if they take Physics Extended Essay Samples, they can begin to learn concepts that will make a difference in their life down the road.

Research Papers in Insurance

Research Papers in Insurance Once in a while all of us have to face the necessity to go to several companies and choose the most optimal solution for different types of insurance. Whether we are talking about health, life or car insurance, the market is full of offers and it is a matter of our individual preference to identify the ideal fit in service and financial terms. In this paper we will look specifically at health insurance plans and issues that each of us can face with, while choosing the health insurance package. The analysis of this research will be limited to and focus on the insurance plans and health insurance systems in the US. Based on primary research, we have identified the following research components: Health limitations of the health insurance plan set-up. Age limitations for health plan set-up. Price sensitivity of the population to the health insurance. Motivation factors and de-motivators for health insurance set-up. One of the findings of this document is the controversial relation between free health system available for those who do not have established health insurance plan and governmental efforts to reduce the number of uninsured population in the US. One of the focus areas in this respect, from the writer’s perspective, is the category of people, who consciously choose not to set up health package without visible financial constraints.

Blessings Of Liberty And Education By Frederick Douglass

Some men know the value of education by having it. I know its value by not having it. –Blessings of Liberty and Education (1894) In Frederick Douglass’ narrative he writes about his childhood memories while he was enslaved including memories from different owners and overseers.He talks about the multiple different plantations he had lived on. He includes his memories of the terrible treatment of his family and fellow slaves as well as memories of being in communications with them. In his narrative, he criticizes many aspects of slavery however he focuses on the inhumanity of slavery. By criticizing the inhumanity of slavery Douglass demonstrates that becoming literate enabled him to discover his self-pride which helped him become a†¦show more content†¦He was realizing how before he had been taught to read he too blind to the injustice that the slave owners put them under. Hugh Auld teaches Douglass why it is so important that a slave must remain ignorant, bec ause if they didn’t understand the oppression that they were under they would feel no need to rebel against the slave owners. Douglass realizes this and thinks to himself. â€Å"Though conscious of the difficulty of learning without a teacher, I set out with high hope, and a fixed purpose, at whatever cost of trouble, to learn how to read †¦ might rely with the utmost confidence on the results which, he said, would flow from teaching me to read† (20) Because he realizes the importance of education Douglass is set on finishing learning to read and write. Despite the struggles he knows he will have to go through to gain his education because to educate a slave is illegal, he believes that it is through becoming literate that he will be able to escape slavery and become a freeman. Douglass demonstrates the importance of his education through being dedicated to teaching himself how to read and write. He discovers the power of education, through Mr. Auld being so dedi cated to prohibiting Douglass to read he is enabled to comprehend the power of education especially in its ability to keep millions of people enslaved. Douglass’ ability to read and write makes it so he is able to discover his self-pride. While Douglass is living with Mr. Auld again heShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreThe Truth : Early American Assumptions Uncovered1572 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions Uncovered The â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states thatRead MoreSlavery And African American Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressed by the chains of slavery, education is a rarity. To oppressors, keeping slaves ignorant is ideal. 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Douglass attempts to show us how AfricanRead MoreFreedom And Liberty By Frederick Douglass948 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups seeking their acceptance into society. Frederick Douglass, an American slave during the 1800s, is one of the first slaves to seek his freedom during this time and goes on to explain how within his novel The Narrative of Frederick Douglass. The idea of freedom, in Douglass’s eyes, changes drastically throughout his story as a slave. He first makes the connection of inequality as a young boy which sets into action a course of events for Douglass to discover what freedom truly is. ThroughoutRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1167 Words   |  5 Pagescolonist forbid the liberty that slaves could have the qualification to attain literacy---fearing that the increase in literacy will oppose a threat on the institute of slavery, the colonist themselves, and emit true political sovereignty. As a result of this mental genocide, slaves had been dependent on their masters. There were exceptions. Slaves were discouraged to acquire critical literacy however, whites forcibly taught the slaves about Christianity. Frederick Douglass, a notable abolitionistRead MoreFrederick Douglass : An Influential Leader Of The Abolitionist Movement1531 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass was born into slavery in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. He moved around many plantations. He was not raised by his parents and he received no education. From the start, Douglass’ life was destined for him to live and die a slave and have no meaningful impact on society. Despite these horrific conditions, Frederick Douglass became one of the most influential leaders of the abolitionist movement. This was largely because of his commitment to self education, his reliance on nonviolenceRead MoreFrederick Do uglass Thesis1344 Words   |  6 PagesIn a Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave written by himself, the author argues that no one can be enslaved if he or she has the ability to read, write, and think. Douglass supports his claim by first providing details of his attempts to earn an education, and secondly by explaining the conversion of a single slaveholder. The author’s purpose is to reveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to gain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. BasedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesblackness as apart of their identity and often experience pain due to society s estimation of their inferiority due to their blackness. The â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† is about how Frederick Douglass overcomes the struggles of slavery. The experience of slavery is a continuous fight for identity and respect. Douglass, as well a s Sophie Auld struggle with identity. In the first paragraph of Douglass’s Narrative, he introduces the audience with his situation: I was born in TuckahoeRead MoreLiterature as Resistance in the Anti-Slavery Movement Essay3309 Words   |  14 Pagesthus hopefully present a convincing anti-slavery argument and to arouse an abolitionist sentiment within her audience. MARIA W. STEWART Maria W. Stewarts Lecture Delivered at Franklin Hall calls for African-Americans to strive for higher education and Christian living. Stewarts writing includes frequent biblical references and has a clearly Christian focus. She was a contributor to William Lloyd Garrisons abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. Stewarts Religion and the Pure Principles of

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Free Essays

A Tale of Two Cities is a classic novel written by Charles Dickens. It is a historical/realistic-fiction novel with many well developed characters, settings, themes, and plot. Interestingly, the book has many main characters. We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are all developed throughout the entire story- some are flat and some are round. However, to many of the readers, one character seems to be very special and moving. The character, Sydney Carton, is probably the most memorable character in the novel.Dickens shows that he is round changing from a â€Å"jackal† and an alcoholic into a hero (although it is impossible to call him a protagonist), sacrificing his own life for a woman he loved, but could never be with. In some ways, he can relate to the active reader because of his deep interest in the events that are going on. Another major character would be Mr. Jarvis Lorry. He is a flat character and the perfect image and representation of a Victorian-English hero. His generosity, supportiveness, and kindness are reflected upon his virtuous actions. He is the first major character introduced in the novel and is present throughout the entire novel. Yet another major character in the novel would be Madame Defarge. Being the most sinister, cold hearted and evil character, she is the antagonist who represents a sans-culotte, a die-hard French Revolutionary woman whom Dickens intended for her to represent the cold hearted Lady Macbeth. She and her husband are responsible for the protagonists’ misery on many occasions. A Tale of Two Cities takes place during the French Revolution in two cities- France and England. The setting mainly contributed to the major themes and the tone of the entire novel. It helps emphasize the triumph of the Revolutionaries and horrors that the victims of the Revolution faced. It also helps show the problems England faced too- which includes the obsession of paranormal and superstitious principles. The setting also helps contribute to a prominent motif that Dickens uses- duality (Two cities). Duality is immediately noticed because it is expressed in the opening lines, â€Å"It was the best of times. It was the worst of times† (7). This motif is resent in the characters and events that take place in the story too. Because the setting contributes so much to the story, it serves as a major component for Dickens’s construction of the novel. A major theme in the novel would be the theme of resurrection. Although this does not send out a moral message (not all themes do so), it contributes to the novel’s tone. The storming of the Bastille, the renewal of Doctor Mannette’s (another major character) mind, and Sydney Carton’s foresight of a new French empire are all examples of carefully crafted events that help show the presence of this theme. In fact, the entire novel is about renewal, regeneration, and rebirth. The problem in this story, endangerment of the Darnay family (also major characters and protagonists), is solved by Carton’s sacrifice. In his foresight, the third generations of the Darnay family name their children after Sydney. This also shows resurrection in some way. A Tale of Two Cities starts off with Jarvis Lorry riding up a hill and receiving a message calling him to tell the orphaned 17 year old Lucie Mannette (the main protagonist) that her father is still alive and help her find him. He is found mentally troubled imprisoned in the Bastille, but he is completely rejuvenated from seeing and interacting with Lucie. With the aid of Mr. Defarge and Jarvis Lorry, they find transportation back home in England. Here the Mannettes and Sydney Carton stand as testimonies for Charles Darnay (yet another major character who traveled with them on the way back to England) in a trial for life and death. Darnay is found innocent and falls in love with Lucie. When they get married, Madame Defarge finds out and plots against Darnay because his father and uncle had raped and murdered her sisters and killed the rest of her family. In the end, Defarge is able to get Darnay imprisoned and sentenced to death. This novel, by far, is my favorite book of all time. Dickens is able to write such a work with careful construction of themes, motifs, allegories, allusions, and symbols, ingenious story structure, countless literary elements, and vivid descriptiveness and tone that makes the novel an unquestionable masterpiece. He is also able to add a very comic and lighthearted side to the story through the actions of one side character. Although to many, the novel was wordy and hard to follow, I enjoyed Dickens’s wordiness and I didn’t have any major problems following the story. Thus, there was nothing I didn’t like about this novel. The story was not predictable and kept me on my toes, but it was still believable. The story ends with Sydney Carton dying in place of Darnay to preserve the happiness of Lucie Mannette, the woman he loved. It closes with a dramatic quote that alludes to William Shakespeare’s Hamlet stating, â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known† (386). How to cite A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Essay examples A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Free Essays The book is called A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens published by Penguin books in New York first published in 1839. The book’s 449 pages talks mostly about the years leading up to the French Revolution and climaxes in the Reign of Terror perpetrated by the Jacobins. The story is about Charles Darnay, a French Aristocrat, and Sydney Carton, an English barrister. We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both fall in love with the same woman, Lucie Manette. Eventually, Sydney is executed. The chapters are almost evenly divided between events in France and Events in England. II. Analysis The novel as per Dickens’ conception dealt heavily with themes of ressurection, guilt, hope, shame, redemption, social injustice and patriotism. The novel was a rare example of a Dickens’ novel having a historic theme because it talked about real world events that happened France and England during the years of revolution. His book teaches us about the futility of mob violence and the violence that occurs in relation to the French revolution most especially the excesses of the Jacobins. Finally, the book teaches us about the extreme social inequality that eventually led to the revolution. III. Appraisal. I liked the book because it applied Dickens’ impressive writing skills to the field of history. The normally bland topic is given amusing form and becomes something the youth can enjoy reading about. I would recommend it to other young people as an introduction to history and the social inequalities of Europe that led to the revolutions that swept the continent.    How to cite A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Papers

The Successes And Failures Of The League Of Nations In The 1920S Essay

The Successes And Failures Of The League Of Nations In The 1920S This isn't really an essay, its just a summary of the actions of the League of Nations that might come in handy if you have no notes. The Successes and Failures of the League of Nations in the 1920s Extracts from the Covenant of the League: To promote international co-operation and to achieved international peace and security: -by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war -by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations. -by the firm establishment of international law as the rule of conduct between governments. -by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another. Successes and Failures of the League Vilna (1920)- Both Lithuania and Poland claimed Vilna, but it was given to Lithuania even though it had a majority Polish population. In 1920, Poland occupied Vilna, and refused to leave. This was definitely one league member showing aggression against another, the League didn't want to get involved. The League wanted to leave Poland alone as it was a strong barrier between Germany and communist Russia. In 1923, the League of Nations confirmed Poland's occupation of Vilna Verdict on the League: Weak and useless. The Aaland Islands (1921)- These islands are situated about halfway between Norway and Sweden. Both had made a claim for tem and were ready to fight, but they invited the League to make a judgement on the dispute. The League decided that the islands should go to Finland, and Sweden accepted this. Verdict on the League: A satisfactory outcome, but only because the nations in the dispute were willing to accept the League's authority. Upper Silesia (1921)- This was a plebiscite area defined by the League. Germany and Poland were both determined to get it as it was very important for industry. In the plebiscite people voted in favour of Germany 700,000 to 480,000. The League partitioned the area, the Germans got over half the land and population, where Poland got most of the industry. Germany was not pleased with this, but both countries accepted. Verdict on the League: A messy compromise, but whatever the League decided would have displeased someone. In difficult circumstances, it did as well as it could. Economic collapse in Austria and Hungary (1922-3)- After the war, Austria and Hungary's economies were in crisis, and with the burden of reparations it seemed they would simply collapse. The League arranged loans for the two countries and in effect, took over the economic management of the two countries. With this help, both Austria and Hungary were able to begin economic recovery. Verdict on the League: The League's action was prompt and effective. Corfu (1923)- In August 1923, five Italian surveyors mapping the Greek-Albanian frontier were shot dead on the Greek side of the border. When Greece didn't pay compensation, Mussolini invaded Corfu, an island off the Greek coast. This was completely against the principles of the League, of which it the Italians were a big part. The Council wanted to condemn Italy, but the great powers would not allow it, instead, pressure was put on Greece to apologise and pay up. Verdict on the League: A disaster ? confronted by a great power willing to use force, the league backed down. The Greek-Bulgarian dispute (1925)- After the Treaty of Neuilly, the border between Greece and Bulgaria remained a source of tension. After a number of violent incidents, Greece invaded Bulgaria in October 1925. The League condemned the Greek action and pressurised them to withdraw, which they did. Verdict on the League: Successful action brought a return to peace ? exactly what the League was for. But cynics suggested that the League was only willing to take firm action when no great powers were involved.

Should you really Do What You Love

Should you really Do What You Love There’s an old cliche, â€Å"Do what you love and you’ll never work a day in your life†, that claims to provide the key to contentment in work and therefore, in life. But will this advice, like â€Å"early to bed and early to rise,† really leave you healthy, wealthy, and wise? Lizzi Hart of the Graduate Recruitment Bureau says a better approach is â€Å"Try and find a job that you enjoy†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwhat it loses in poetry, it makes up in pragmatism. Her reasons are fairly simple. Firstly, making a career out of a hobby you enjoy will leave you spending 8+ hours a day on an enjoyable pastime you used to spend a few hours on whenever you felt like it. Next, you have to determine what you truly want from life–is making money or finding happiness your priority? Hart reflects on the choices many people make when they head off to college–should they study something practical with obvious real-world and professional applications, or something enj oyable, if less directly motivated by post-graduation career opportunities?Once you’re out in the working world, it’s a question of balance–if you’re feeling dissatisfied, remember that even your â€Å"dream job† may not stay so dreamy once it’s become a daily chore, but on the other hand, you may be able to infuse even the most quotidian tasks with an element of what you love to do outside working hours. And if not, Hart points out another frustrating clichà ©, â€Å"the grass is always greener†, and sometimes it’s more important to bloom where you’re planted. Even if you’re doing what you love, you’ll still be working–if you’re lucky!Is â€Å"Do What You Love† Bad Career Advice?Read More at www.social-hire.com

Otto Bayer and the History of Polyurethane

Otto Bayer and the History of Polyurethane Polyurethane is an organic polymer  composed of  organic  units joined by  carbamate (urethane) links. While most polyurethanes are  thermosetting polymers  that do not melt when heated,  thermoplastic polyurethanes  are also available. According to the Alliance of The Polyurethane Industry,  Polyurethanes are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. Polyurethanes are best known to the public in the form of flexible foams: upholstery, mattresses,  earplugs, chemical-resistant coatings, specialty adhesives and  sealants, and packaging. It also comes to the rigid forms of insulation for buildings, water heaters, refrigerated transport, and commercial and residential refrigeration. Polyurethane products often are simply called â€Å"urethanes†, but should not be confused with  ethyl carbamate, which is also called urethane. Polyurethanes neither contain nor are produced from ethyl carbamate. Otto Bayer Otto Bayer and co-workers at IG Farben  in Leverkusen, Germany,  discovered and patented the chemistry of polyurethanes in 1937.  Bayer (1902 - 1982) developed the novel polyisocyanate-polyaddition process. The basic idea which he documents from March 26, 1937, relates to spinnable products made of hexane-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) and hexa-1,6-diamine (HDA). Publication of German Patent DRP 728981 on November 13, 1937: A process for the production of polyurethanes and polyureas. The team of inventors consisted of  Otto Bayer, Werner Siefken, Heinrich Rinke, L. Orthner and H. Schild. Heinrich Rinke   Octamethylene diisocyanate and butanediol-1,4 are the units of a polymer produced by Heinrich Rinke. He called this area of polymers polyurethanes, a name which was soon to become known worldwide for an extremely versatile class of materials.   Right from the start, trade names were given to polyurethane products. Igamid ® for plastics materials, Perlon ® for fibers.   William Hanford  and  Donald Holmes   William Edward Hanford and Donald Fletcher Holmes invented a process for making the multipurpose material polyurethane. Other Uses In 1969, Bayer exhibited an all-plastic car in  Dà ¼sseldorf, Germany. Parts of this car, including the body panels, were made using a new process called  reaction injection molding  (RIM), in which the reactants were mixed and then injected into a mold. The addition of fillers produced reinforced RIM (RRIM), which provided improvements in  flexural modulus  (stiffness), reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion  and better thermal stability. By using this technology, the first plastic-body automobile was introduced in the United States in 1983. It was called the  Pontiac Fiero. Further increases in stiffness were obtained by incorporating pre-placed glass mats into the RIM mold cavity, called resin injection molding, or structural RIM. Polyurethane foam (including foam rubber) is sometimes made using small amounts of  blowing agents  to give less dense foam, better cushioning/energy absorption or thermal insulation. In the early 1990s, because of their impact on  ozone depletion, the  Montreal Protocol  restricted the use of many  chlorine-containing blowing agents. By the late 1990s, blowing agents such as  carbon dioxide and pentane were widely used in North America and the EU.

Human Bioscience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human Bioscience - Essay Example Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. There are about 300 million alveoli running to about 160m2 area. Lungs expand when there is increase in the volume of thoracic cavity. During inspiration, there is contraction of the external intercostal muscles which lift the ribs up and out and there is contraction of the diaphragm which draws the ribs down. During expiration, these processes are reversed. The elastic recoil of the lungs makes them to come back to their resting volume. At rest, a normal adult human being breathes about 15- 18 times exchanging 500ml of air each time. To diagnose a patient as having chronic bronchitis, the patient must suffer from chronic cough for atleast 3 months in one year for 2 consecutive years. The cough is accompanied by sputum expectoration, but there is no other cause for sputum production. There is enlargement of the mucus glands in the lungs, inflammation of the airways and thickening of the bronchial walls. Because of these pathological changes, there is loss of supporting alveolar attachments leading to deformity of the airway walls, which inturn results in narrowing of the airway lumen and decrease of airflow through it (Sharma, 2006) In emphysema, the alveoli are enlarged abnormally and permanently. There is also destruction of the alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil. There are 3 types of emphysema: centriacinar emphysema, panacinar emphysema, and distal acinar emphysema or paraseptal emphysema (Sharma and Graham, 2005). Patients with emphysema typically suffer from breathing difficulty. The most common cause of COPD is smoking in the form of cigarette smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke either due to passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke. Other causes include air pollution, airway hyperresponsiveness and alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency. COPD can occur either due to chronic bronchitis or

Philosophy Term Paper on Stereotype Encounters

Philosophy on Stereotype Encounters - Term Paper Example Individuals being stereotyped will feel that their behaviors are judged on the basis of their negative attitude instead from the basis of their personal merit. When people feel stereotyped their performance is undermined as they will feel their actions are under a lot of scrutiny, and this makes them loose their self esteem which will undermine their productivity (Dovidio et al, 2010). Stereotyping will make a person feel like a victim of social identity, and they will feel inferior if they are not able to cope with the stereotype and this will undermine their capability to make sound decisions and their productivity in the activity they are undertaking (Kemick, 2010). I have encountered various stereotypes the first one being that all Arabs and Muslims are terrorists. After the September 11 attacks in the United States, Muslims and Arabs have been stereotyped and have been rejected by other communities. The attacks were staged by the al-Qaida, which is a Muslim group and from this d ay people have had the notion that all Muslims are terrorists. This has denied Muslims many opportunities as people fear that they will attack them as they are connected to terrorists. After the attacks Muslims were under great scrutiny and they are treated with fear and rejection. Even the authorities at airports double checked their luggage and this made them fall victims of sterotyping.it was evident to note Muslims being stopped by police more than people from other cultures. This stereotype has had a negative impact on Muslims as it messes up with their self confidence caused by the belief that they are being sidelined or rejected by the community, and this undermines their

Apoxyomenos and the Role of Athletics in Ancient Greek Culture :: Essays Papers

Apoxyomenos and the Role of Athletics in Ancient Greek Culture According to Marilyn Stokstad, "the visual arts are among the most sophisticated forms of human communication, at once shaping and being shaped by their social context (xxxviii)." As this quote implies, artistic pieces invariably are a reflection of the culture in which they were created. Thus, art is a potent means of deciphering the values and belief systems of ancient societies. Apoxyomenos (330 BCE), or The Scraper, created by the sculptor Lysippos, is an enduring testament to the importance ascribed to athletics by the citizens of ancient Greece. Artistically, Apoxyomenos deviates from the standard Classical representation of male athletes. The majority of Classical sculptors portrayed athletes actively engaged in competition. However, this figure is gazing into the distance while removing oil and dirt from his body using a strigil (Stokstad, 165). This practice was commonly associated with athletes in ancient Greece and, thereby, communicated to the viewer that this was a piece pertaining to athletics. Athletics were an expression of the philosophical, religious and civic values that were at the very heart of Greek culture. In the world of the ancient Greeks, well-educated individuals were expected to be balanced mentally, spiritually, and physically (http://www.mediaconcero.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004). It was felt that athletics aided in the creation of such an individual. Athletic events during this period were not simply displays of physical prowess, but an integration of the facets of Greek culture. Education and intellectual discourse were accessories to athletic events. During competitions, spectators would engage in lectures and philosophic conversations concerning current events and other scholarly subjects. In fact, the Greek word for "gymnasium" was the same as the Greek word for "school (http://www.mediaconcerto.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004)." Athletic events became a center of learning and exchange of ideas in Greek civilization. Athletic events at this time were also closely related to the religious beliefs and practices of the Greek citizens. Each competition was devoted to a specific pagan god. For example, the patron of the Olympics was Zeus. The Greeks believed that the physical strength and ability of athletes was a direct gift from the gods (http://www.meiaconcerto.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004). Therefore, each athlete competed not only in honor of his city-state, but also in honor of the gods. Civic implications were also apparent in ancient Greek athletics. The ancient world was one of constant conflict and political turmoil, and it was necessary for each city-state to possess a strong military in order to preserve their autonomy. Apoxyomenos and the Role of Athletics in Ancient Greek Culture :: Essays Papers Apoxyomenos and the Role of Athletics in Ancient Greek Culture According to Marilyn Stokstad, "the visual arts are among the most sophisticated forms of human communication, at once shaping and being shaped by their social context (xxxviii)." As this quote implies, artistic pieces invariably are a reflection of the culture in which they were created. Thus, art is a potent means of deciphering the values and belief systems of ancient societies. Apoxyomenos (330 BCE), or The Scraper, created by the sculptor Lysippos, is an enduring testament to the importance ascribed to athletics by the citizens of ancient Greece. Artistically, Apoxyomenos deviates from the standard Classical representation of male athletes. The majority of Classical sculptors portrayed athletes actively engaged in competition. However, this figure is gazing into the distance while removing oil and dirt from his body using a strigil (Stokstad, 165). This practice was commonly associated with athletes in ancient Greece and, thereby, communicated to the viewer that this was a piece pertaining to athletics. Athletics were an expression of the philosophical, religious and civic values that were at the very heart of Greek culture. In the world of the ancient Greeks, well-educated individuals were expected to be balanced mentally, spiritually, and physically (http://www.mediaconcero.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004). It was felt that athletics aided in the creation of such an individual. Athletic events during this period were not simply displays of physical prowess, but an integration of the facets of Greek culture. Education and intellectual discourse were accessories to athletic events. During competitions, spectators would engage in lectures and philosophic conversations concerning current events and other scholarly subjects. In fact, the Greek word for "gymnasium" was the same as the Greek word for "school (http://www.mediaconcerto.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004)." Athletic events became a center of learning and exchange of ideas in Greek civilization. Athletic events at this time were also closely related to the religious beliefs and practices of the Greek citizens. Each competition was devoted to a specific pagan god. For example, the patron of the Olympics was Zeus. The Greeks believed that the physical strength and ability of athletes was a direct gift from the gods (http://www.meiaconcerto.com/olympic/olympia/ideal_o.php, September 27, 2004). Therefore, each athlete competed not only in honor of his city-state, but also in honor of the gods. Civic implications were also apparent in ancient Greek athletics. The ancient world was one of constant conflict and political turmoil, and it was necessary for each city-state to possess a strong military in order to preserve their autonomy.

Summer Romance (Anti-Gravity Love Song)

Jazz is a style of music that integrates with strong, convoluted rythms. Jazz is traces its origins from the basic principles of Blues music. It is solely based on a pattern of succession of two or more distinct sounds, wherein the a sound of a particular instrument is complemented by the other in perfect harmony. Jazz also highly involves emotion in playing. This may vary according to the mood, experience, and interactions with other people. In this sense jazz's key components may be augmented when played.The piece, Summer Romance (Anti-Gravity Love Song) is a Jazz piece performed by the band Incubus. The musical piece, though performed by contemporary musicians, arranged the piece with respect to the conventional elements of Jazz. The song is a harmony of string instruments accompanied by drums and percussion plus a saxophone to add more emotion. The piece, according to Sara Shaw insinuates a lively feel similar to the implications of Disco Music during the 1970sSummer Romance (Ant i-Gravity Love Song) is a song that brings out a â€Å"Jazzy† feel. Its tempo is is not as fast to cause an adrenalin rush, however, the beat of the drums and the percussion compliments are enthusiastic to provoke a listener to dance into the song. The song Summer Romance (Anti-Gravity Love Song) applies the musical concept of an ensemble, particularly of a quintet. The string instruments, percussions and brass instruments are accompanied by vocals that complete the musical piece.However, as far as texture is concerned an additional string instrument such as a jazz guitar could provide more rhythm to add more ebullience to the piece. The tempo is just moderate enough for the piece and the saxophone solo is the icing to the cake. The lack of rhythm did not hinder the piece to express its feel nor the idea that it suggests. Works Cited Shaw Sara. â€Å"Music For Once That Has Meaning† 8 July 2001. Amazon. co. uk. 28 November 2007 http://www. dooyoo. co. uk/music-records/ s-c-i-e-n-c-e-incubus/296431/

Blood Disorders - 1013 Words

Blood Disorders Amanda Swindell HCA/240 August 9, 2015 Dr. Monica Chase Blood Disorders Blood is one of the most essential elements within the body. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. Blood is vital to the body functioning correctly, and it is important to understand that there are many types of blood disorders that can cause people to get sick. While there are many different types of blood disorders out there, this paper is going to cover three which are, anemia, sickle cell, and thrombocytopenia. Also, a review of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets to give a better understand of blood disorders. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. Plasma is made up mostly of water and contains dissolved proteins, carbon†¦show more content†¦He may have the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell anemia is a genetically transmitted disorder marked by episodes of painful crisis, severe hemolytic anemia, and increased susceptibility to infections. This disorder usually affects African American (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, amp; Mulvihill, 2010) Since this disorder is inherited and affects African-American this puts Davon at a higher risk. Sickle cell anemia can be diagnosed by having a genetic testing and blood test. Some symptoms of this disorder are pain crisis, fatigue, splenic sequestration, bacterial infections, shortness of breath, and eye damages. Some treatments for sickle cell anemia are supportive therapy during the crisis, blood transfusions, and prevention of sickle cell crisis. Since this is an inherited disorder, there is no prevention. This blood disorder is usually diagnosed in childhood and persists throughout a person’s life (Mayo Clinic, 2015). The last scenario and blood disorder is Spencer, who over the past several weeks is having more bruises, or ecchymosis, all over his body. After coughing this morning, Spencer noticed tiny red marks all around his eyes. Spencer is showing signs of thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is a condition of the blood in which the blood doesn’t clot properly because there are not enough platelets. This condition can be caused by many different things such as decreased platelet production, increased plateletShow MoreRelatedEssay about Hemophilia: A Blood Disorder1124 Words   |  5 PagesHemophilia is a problem with the blood in a person that causes them to bleed not any faster than normal, but they often bleed for a longer period. Their blood is missing the clotting factor (a protein in the bloodstream that works to control bleeding). Hemophilia is quite rare; roughly 1 in every 10,000 persons are born with it. Rarely, hemophilia can be an acquired disease which just means a person is not born with it, but will develop it during their lifetime. 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