The Failure of Reconstruction Essay Example For Students

The Failure of Reconstruction Essay Reconstruction was a failure due to the opinion on race. Racism played a big part in the 1896 Plessey vs. Furguson case. Reconstruction began in 1865 and ended in 1877. Two goals were to rebuild the south and to reform society. Reconstruction should not be thought of as a bad idea. It was virtually impossible to just change ways in the south with out using some kind of force. Black codes did nothing but for the south but put them in further segregation. The black codes aloud a form of disguised slavery. They gave blacks the right to own land, and go to court; they still werent aloud to serve on a jury or aloud to vote. In the long run, black codes just made it easier for the people of the south to continue with their poor treatment towards blacks. We will write a custom essay on The Failure of Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A positive step did come for reconstruction in 1868. That was the 14th amendment, that stated that All persons born or naturalized in the United States and of the state that they reside (Thomas, 14) The amendment also declared that no state could make or enforce any law that restrain the privileges of the citizens of the United States. This amendment is clearly federal power over state power. This act was passed by congress to make sure that constitutionality of the civil rights acts (that made African Americans full citizen and guaranteed cirten right of citizenship, that completely went agents anything that had to do with black codes. With these new laws in place, Tourgee argued that the Louisiana law Separate but equal accommodations for the white and colored races on all passenger trains within that state, took away Plessey 14th amendment rights. The passage of the 1866 Civil Rights Acts and the fourteenth amendment marked the move toward racial reconstruction, which was controve rsial. (Thomas, 7) Right after following this positive step during reconstruction, came another racial act that prohibited the marriages between whites and people of other races. The compromise of 1877 put an end to reconstruction. Republican, Rutherford Hayes was elected over Samuel Tiden, who was a democrat. The two parties made a dele with each other. The deal that they agreed on was to get the federal troops out of the south. This left nothing to enforce the 14th amendment. With the 14th amendment not being enforced, in theory, the south could go back to treating slaves bad and continue slavery. Racism was so bad in the south, and in some parts of the north, that blacks began to feel like America was meant to be a white country. DeBois referred to this as a double consciousness (Thomas, 141) Blacks we being thought of by whites as violent brutes. Whites made fun of everything about them from their looks all the way down to their personalities. White power groups like the KKK made it hard for black to fit in or go about there daily lives, without being harassed. These are just some of the examples how racism was unfair and unequal to blacks. At the end of reconstruction, racism continued as if it never applied. My question is how can reconstruction work when you have people like John Tyler Morgan that said slavery was a custom and it was barbaric not to engage in it.? (Thomas, 64) It is obvious that he wanted to keep the color line and wanted no part in helping the problem at hand. He thought that the solution to the problem was to send all the blacks back to Africa. (Thomas, 73) .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .postImageUrl , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:hover , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:visited , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:active { border:0!important; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:active , .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218 .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e3c92956d5df4d4a2e564e74013c218:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pauls Letter To The Galatians EssayAnother person that thought whites were the inferior race was Fredric Hoffman. He took measurement comparisons of the skull, chest and lung captivity. He main study was the lungs. He found that whites had far higher lung captivity, which in theory, made them less prone to disease, and in his eyes, the inferior race. Henry Field said blacks have not achieved anything, and they are stuck in mediocrity level of society. (Thomas, 102). Field denies social equality in the north, and admits to the color line. He feels that this is natural. The Plessey vs. Furguson case on May 18, 1896 was about the state of Louisiana that .

Every IB Geography Past Paper Available Free and Official

Every IB Geography Past Paper Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you are preparing for your IB Geography SL/HL papers, studying your notes is likely not enough to get a 7. Taking practice tests using IB Geography SL/HL past papers is the only way to ensure you know what to expect the day of your exam. You'll be better prepared because you'll know the test length and format...and you'll be more confident because you're more familiar with the question formats! In this article, I'll let you know where to find IB Geography SL/HL past papers- both free and paid- to help you excel on your own IB Geography exam. Where to Find Free IB Geography Past Papers IBO has been getting stricter about allowing unauthorized official past papers to roam free online in the past few years, so many of the previous sources for free past papers are unavailable. Frustratingly, IBO has not moved to fill the void with any free official sample papers for Geography, as they have for other subjects. As soon as free official IB Geography papers are released, we'll be sure to update this article. In the meantime, while it's still possible to search for free IB Geography papers online, we don't recommend it because there's no guarantee that those papers are necessarily real past IB papers. I haven't found any unofficial IB Geography past papers that explicitly state they were created by people other than the IBO, but if you find one, I DO NOT recommend using it, as it most likely will be very different from the actual IB Geography test. Where to Find Paid IB Geography Past Papers To get secure IB Geography past papers, buy them from the IBO. Their store has six full IB Geography SL and IB Geography HL past papers and markschemes from 2015 to 2018 available for purchase. Unfortunately, since papers and markschemes are sold separately and individually, buying all the papers and markschemes for a single test will run you around $18 for HL and $12 for SL. Buying all six available exams is pretty pricey, so we advise sticking to the two most recent tests in the store- November 2017 and May 2018- because these papers will be most similar to the test you take. Two exams should provide plenty of practice for most students. (Currently, only SL/HL paper 1 and HL paper 3 are available for November 2018, so if you want extra paper 3 practice for HL or paper 1 practice for both SL and HL, you might also consider getting those.) How to Use These Past Papers A full practice IB Geography test will take you 2 hours and 45 minutes for SL or 4 hours and 30 minutes for HL. If you are going to spend that much time, you need to be getting realistic practice and learning from these tests. To ensure you do, follow these guidelines. #1: Take the Test Over 2 Days The actual IB exam schedule splits Paper 1 and Papers 2 and 3 over two days. SL and HL students take Paper 1 the first day. Both take Paper 2 the second day, and HL students also take Paper 3 the second day. You should mimic this schedule so that you have realistic practice. #2: Use Accurate Test Timing You need to get used to the pacing of the test. The time allowed per paper is: Geography SL Paper 1- 1 hour 30 minutes Paper 2- 1 hour 15 minutes Geography HL Paper 1- 2 hours 15 minutes Paper 2- 1 hour 15 minutes Paper 3- 1 hour Stick to this timing exactly. Don’t give yourself even an extra second. Otherwise, you won’t be prepared for the pacing of the real exam. Also, you will likely get an unrealistic, inflated practice test score if you give yourself extra time. Stick to the real timing, so you get a realistic practice test score. #3: Check Your Answers Once you finish your exam, review your mistakes. You need to review so that you figure out what you are doing wrong before you take the real IB Geography exam. If you do not review, you will not know what mistakes you are making and will make the same ones on the actual IB Geography exam. Take a bit of time (at minimum an hour) to review. You should be emphasizing the quality of your practice and not the quantity of practice. It is far better to take two practice tests with in-depth review than eight tests with no review. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Geography: IB Geography Study Guide Check out where to find past papers for your other classes: Every IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: FREE and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Math Past Paper Available: Free and Official Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Text analysis and report based on a systemic functional linguistic and Essay

Text analysis and report based on a systemic functional linguistic and - Essay Example Clearly, the courageously defiant tone and message of Invictus was born of the extreme hardships that dogged the heels of Henley throughout his life. Despite the loss of his leg, Henley attained some moderate success as the editor of the London Observer, and counted among his close friends the likes of Robert Louis Stevenson and Rudyard Kipling. He married and was blessed with a daughter named Margaret; unfortunately, fate caught up with him and he lost five-year-old Margaret to cerebral meningitis. Then in 1902, his dormant tuberculosis condition resurfaced, from which he died in 1903 at the age of 54. Understanding the travails of the poem’s author makes its legacy all the more remarkable for being the inspiration for Nelson Mandela, during his 26-year incarceration as political prisoner who championed the cause of human rights. The poem sustained the imprisoned man who, upon the lifting of apartheid in South Africa, became the nation’s President. For the purposes of this paper, the text of the poem was chosen because of the several contexts in which the poem found relevance in the lives of many people. Images connected with it are presented herein, with the text of the poem, in Appendix A. The text shall be analysed using the systemic-functional theory, and the multimodal approach. Textual analysis may only be meaningfully carried out within the context of the purpose for which the text is articulated. â€Å"Language is said to be functional because its organisation quire fundamentally reveals the purposes for which any natural language came into being† (Christie, 1999). In the analysis of the chosen text, the poet’s purpose in composing the poem and choosing his words will be given focus. Traditionally, language is described in terms of grammar and lexis viewed separately. On the other hand, lexico-grammar approach regards language as â€Å"meaning conveyance of words working in

Statement in support of application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statement in support of application - Essay Example I worked hard to gain much necessary work experience while I was in college. This hard work let me serve as a journalist in many local and international Arabic papers. Although I worked hard to gain work experience, I did not neglect my studies. I put much effort into learning English, and into getting good grades. Also, I put time into extracurricular activities, like the Kuwait Environment Society and the Human Rights Society. After graduation, I became a correspondent for Saudi Research and Marketing, between the years 1998 and 2000. I then moved on to become a strategies and policies researcher for CSFS in Kuwait, and stayed in that position until 2001. Then I became a deputy director for the same company in 2001. In 2002, I became the acting director for CSFS (I also became a freelance media and public relations consultant at that time, and am continuing doing that to the present) until 2003, when I then became the director for research and public relations for Kuwait University. Starting in 2004, I was then promoted to Vice Chairman of the media group. I then became a public relations and media manager for an investment company. As you can see, my work experience is varied. I have done basic things, such as editing reports, press releases and spread sheets, but my later work is what I am proudest of.

Taking a Lesson From A River Runs Through It Essay

Taking a Lesson From A River Runs Through It - Essay Example He became a professor in Chicago, married his first love and lived a more serious life while his younger brother chose to stay in his hometown in Montana. He loved the provincial life that included fly fishing, his favorite pastime. However, he was also quite indulged in gambling, drinking and the dangers such vices are attached with. He had a lot of friends but he also gained enemies who in the end cut his life short. The story practically presents how the two boys were raised as sons of a Presbyterian preacher and how they were taught to catch fish. The summer that the older sibling, Norman, went home from college took most of the period of the narration where it was revealed that the younger brother, Paul, died. Norman and Paul’s story reflects a lot of religious lessons lived by the characters of the story. One can see how they have been raised, being taught every time the father gets a chance to give them a lesson such as reverence to nature, applying balance in how he do es things, showing them love and acceptance despite themselves and finally learn how things are connected to each other. From the beginning of the story, it has been evident that as a minister, the father has taken it as his obligation to become a teacher first and foremost in his own family. He spent much time not only in taking care of his flock but especially in taking care of his children. In fact, he personally taught Norman how to read and write as well as fish. He was a conversationalist who resorted to intellectual conversations in disciplining his children instead of getting angry at the wrongs of his children. He applied what God told Moses when they were in the wilderness, instructing them to teach their children in the way they should go, teaching them when they are walking, sitting or lying down. In relation to the manners of the reverend Maclean’s teaching, he made use of time and nature to his children’s education. As he reverenced the time given to him, he managed his activities well so that he was able to have enough time as a husband, a father and a minister all at once. When he performs his duties as a father and teacher to his children, Maclean teaches them about secular matters such as fly catching and allows them to make a connection to Biblical characters such as the disciples who were fishermen. He used the rich Montana nature to connect with God. For instance, when hey were young, the minister walked with his boys and told them a story about stones, mentioning that inside the stones, there are words. Then, he encouraged them to listen to the stones and water in the river. It may have not been implied in the narration but such teaching was a reflection of the natural pantheistic view of revering nature. As a result, in their fishing, the boys were taught to be in tune with the river and the fishes. Although Norman was not able to learn it, he saw how his brother found his own way of communicating with nature. In the movie, there was a scene wherein Paul was able to catch a big fish in an extraordinary manner, a manner of his own. When he brought the fish to his father and brother, he was congratulated and appreciated for his perfect job, being able to swim with the fish so he can catch it. In response, he said that he only needed three more years to think like a fish. This shows an example of the religion of nature, wherein one should synchronize his actions with nature in order to have a peaceful relationship with it. The reverend Maclean showed such character in training his children and it was compounded by his sense of reason. This was evident even during the two boys’

Why Do Most Teenagers Smoke Psychology Essay

Why Do Most Teenagers Smoke Psychology Essay Smoking is defined as the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke that inhaled contains about 4,000 chemicals, including cancer-causing nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide (Martin T, 2008). Smoking is also an addictive habit that can have long negative effects on health, including mental and physical health (Nyholm C, 2009). There are many negative effects cause by smoking such as lung diseases, heart diseases, stroke and increasing blood pressure (Iannelli V, 2004). Tar is the brown, tacky material that left behind at the end of the cigarette filter. It makes a smokers teeth and fingers brown and coats everything it touches with a brownish-yellow film. Tar in the cigarette smoke paralyzes the cilia in the lungs and leads to lung diseases. For examples, emphysema, bronchitis and lung cancer (Martin 2006). Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a type of gas which is colorless, neutral and tasteless. When the level of carbon monoxide in the blood increases, it will decrease the ability to carry oxygen. It is harmful to the body at any level and it can cause death while long-term exposure at lower levels can lead to heart disease (Aiers 2007). Nicotine is an active drug which is also a stimulant that activates the brains rewards system can be found in cigarette. Nicotine induces feelings of pleasure and increases mental awareness when it reaches the brain. Nicotine also constricts blood flow to the heart, thus increasing blood pressure and heart rate (Besinger 2003). Hydrogen cyanide, a colorless, poisonous gas, is one of the toxic present in cigarette smoke. Breathing in small amounts of hydrogen cyanide may cause a person headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and vomiting while breathing in larger amounts may cause them gasping, irregular heartbeats, fainting, and rapid death (Martin 2008). There are many factors causing teenagers smoke such as peer pressure, the feel good syndrome, curiosity, and the power of role models. Usually teenagers start smoking when their best friend smokes, but this is not the only factor as parental smoking can make it seem normal to do, the media can also make it look more attractive, and sometimes teenagers have very easy access to tobacco products (Gorman 1996). Teenagers always look for approval and acceptance from their peers. Friends who smoke will always encourage them to smoke (Christensen SA, 2008). This become a strong force for teenagers start to smoke just to fit in with the crowd. Frequently they feel confident and pressured. Some teenagers believe that smoking makes them more popular, cool, attractive, sexy or strong. They just want to have a cool look when people around see them and did not think of the negative effects that will affect their health (Evans 2008). 2.2 Feel good syndrome Smoking is a way to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, distress, and worry. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished moderately through the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain.  Nicotine is one of the main ingredients in cigarettes which are poison and as addictive as heroin and cocaine (Stevenson J, 2008).When smoking, the release of brain chemicals makes smokers feel like coping and dealing with life and stressful emotional situations. Nicotine in the cigarette will increase the level of good feeling (Dr. Annette 2009). 2.3 Curiosity Cigarettes are available everywhere and almost anybody can get them. Wanted to know how smoke a cigarette feels like is always stated as a reason for teenagers to try to smoke a cigarette. People always feel curios and wanted to try something new in their life at teen age. Because of the availability of getting a cigarette is easy and the curiosity of teenagers, therefore it increase the number of teenagers who smoke (Evans 2008). 2.4 The power of role models Teens are most influenced by other friends close in age or slightly older, including siblings. Many of them smoke because their parents are smokers (Christensen SA, 2008). Therefore, a person whose best friends or older siblings smoke is much more likely to try smoking. In some cases, this is because the person looks up to his friends or family members and wants to be like them. Some of them think that doing the same thing only they can join in with the people around them although they know is not good for health (Evans 2008). 2 2.5 Media Portrayals of smoking in the media are nearly all attractive. Many of the teenagers admire the actors will follow what the actors do by watching those movie or drama. They do not think of the negative effect of smoking on their health but just want to be like the actors. They also do not think carefully whether the action did in the drama or movie is good or bad but just do it. Besides that, smoking also appears in music videos. Cigars are mainly seen as a symbol that goes with living the high life (Harsanyi 2007). 2.6 Help losing weight For some, teenager thought smoking can help them to lose their weight. They will use being overweight as an excuse to smoke (Spitzer J, 2003). Instead of eating, many teenagers especially girls will choose to smoke a cigarette. This keeps their minds off from food. Some of the teenagers think that smoking can help them achieve the look they want. They learn about this weight control methods mostly from their friends, so they start skipping meals and use cigarettes to replace the meal. Smoking does kill craving for food, but it does not help to lose weight as many as they think (Hutton 1996). Methods to prevent smoking There are many methods to prevent teenagers smoke so that they will have a healthy life and prevent from getting some disease. Everyone should know the method and prevent the people around them smoke so that it would not affect their health. By prevent from smoking, people would have a longer lifespan and can live happily because of having a healthy life. 3.1 Governments role Country should make more efforts to prevent teenagers smoke. More information about the effect of smoking should show by public service announcements. For example, show some pictures that how the smokers lungs look like. The country should also enforce the rules so that teenagers could not smoke under age. Besides, the sale of cigarettes in the country also should decrease (Abel 2009).It is also necessary to have anti-smoking campaign especially for teenagers at school and public areas. Teen anti-smoking campaign will definitely be helpful. Professional doctors should be volunteers to talk about the negative effect of smoking during the anti-smoking campaign to the teenagers. Examples of the campaign are Taknak!!, Fight smoking and A Powerful Tool for Health Promotion (Siegel M, 1998). Those anti tobacco campaigns will motivate the youth to know the negative effects of smoking cigarettes on health, economy and mentality and benefits of quitting smoking. It may also motivate teenagers to stay away from smoking (Jacoby p.A19). In addition, anti smoking slogans are also used to influence those smokers to quit or prevent teenagers from smoking. There are many slogans use to prevent teenagers from smoking such as Too much smoke will leave you broke, If you cant stop smoking, cancer will, There are cooler ways to die than smoking and You smoke, you die early, you save the government money (Bose D, 2009). 3 3.2 Parents role Parents should give more information about the negative effect of smoking to their children since they are still young and small. Almost all the first time smoking happens before high school graduation. If teenager has not started smoking before he or she graduates, chances are he or she never will. That is good news because parents still have the time to influence their choices of not trying smoking (Witmer 2006). Parents also should set a good example to their children by not smoking. If parents smoke and do not want to influence their children, the only way to prevent their children from smoking is avoid smoking in front of them and do not smoke at the place where their children can see such as in the house or car (Mayo 2010). 3.4. Teachers role Teachers also play an important role in preventing teenagers smoke. As a teacher, the way to prevent student smoke at teen age are care teenagers more and give them more teaching on the effect of smoking. Besides, teacher also should observe the students and stop them from smoking if found out that they had started to smoke. More moral and religion teaching should be given to the students in the school so that students can prevent themselves from start smoking. The school should have more healthy activities so that student will have more time to participate in good activities (Carney S, 2007). 3.5 Develop self respect and confidence There are many reasons that why teenagers smoke and one of the reason is because of peer pressure. Most of them think that it is a way to look cool and be a part of the crowd. They have to instill enough self respect, esteem and confidence so that they do not feel the need for external approval. People around should help teenagers build up their friendships, shape a healthy body image and deal with stress, without thinking about tobacco use. By helping teenagers and let them have enough confidence to themselves, they would not think of changing themselves by smoking and thus, they can prevent from smoking (Worth 1999). Conclusion In conclusion, there are many factors causing teenagers smoke such as pressure, the feel good syndrome, curiosity, the power of role models, media effect and help losing weight. Having campaign, parents role, national efforts, teachers role and develop self respect and confidence are important in this case so that it can prevent teenagers to smoke. Smoking is not good for health and there are many negative effect of smoking. Therefore, teenager should avoid smoking and take care of their health. (1864words) 4

of mice and men Essay -- essays research papers

Does Steinbeck reflect a desperate society or does he offer some hope and optimism in his novel "Of Mice and Men" In Steinbeck's novel " Of Mice and Men" there are many different characters each expressing there own opinion on whether they are living in a desperate society or that there is indeed some hope and optimism in the world around them. At the time the book was set, which is in the 1930's great American depression, many people were unemployed and jobs were hard to come by. Steinbeck's novel centres around the exploits and happenings of a few men, and one women, at the time of this great depression. Steinbeck shows how the most unusual friendships can be created in the mist of this depression and sadness. Such as the strong friendship between Lennie and George. Which in the end, drove George to kill Lennie for his own good. Some characters such as Lennie show how many people at this time had dreams of owning there own piece of land and being able to retire in peace with no one to tell them what to do. This reflects the view of optimism and hope in the book. However some characte rs such as Crooks see the world around them as desperate and solitary. Crooks believes that no ones dream will come true and that nothing will ever get better, this is shown in the line, " Nobody ever gets to heaven, and nobody never gets no land." (page 106) He also says that Lennie's dream will always stay as a dream and will never come true. The novel " Of Mice and Men" on the whole gives many views of hope and optimism and many views of the characters in the book living in a desperate society. I believe that the book balances itself out and that there are equal amounts of each view. The book being as equally optimistic as it is pessimistic. I will discuss how Steinbeck shows these views through his selection of characters and scene settings over the next few paragraphs. At the time the book Of Mice and Men is set many people in America and other countries had a very pessimistic outlook on life. The book reflects this view in its character opinions and scene settings. From 1929 to 1939 there were failed businesses, harsh poverty and many people were in long term unemployment. Many people made the migration to California looking for work. Most travelled alone, however, in the case of Lennie and George t... ...9) Curley,Slim or Carlson do not seem to show any dreams in the book and this could be counted as optamistic and hopeful in nothing will ever get worse or it coould be counted as a symbol of a desperate society in that nothing will ever get better. Curley's wife has two dreams. These being that she wants to talk to otheres, most probably women as she has lacked talking to another woman for a long time, this is shown in the line, "passion of communication" (page ??). Curley's wifes other dream is to be a star in Hollywood. Her dreams are mainly optamistic in that she believes in themm fully. This is shown in the line, "Maybe I will" (page ??). This is when she is talking to Lennie about her dream of being a movie star and she says that maybe she will be a movie star yet. This shows great optamism and hope in Curley's wife's character. The surroundings in Of Mice and Men are constant throughout. This shows how although the characters change dramaticly throught the course of the book nature always stays the same. Many thing which are at the start of the book such as, " of mice and men Essay -- essays research papers Does Steinbeck reflect a desperate society or does he offer some hope and optimism in his novel "Of Mice and Men" In Steinbeck's novel " Of Mice and Men" there are many different characters each expressing there own opinion on whether they are living in a desperate society or that there is indeed some hope and optimism in the world around them. At the time the book was set, which is in the 1930's great American depression, many people were unemployed and jobs were hard to come by. Steinbeck's novel centres around the exploits and happenings of a few men, and one women, at the time of this great depression. Steinbeck shows how the most unusual friendships can be created in the mist of this depression and sadness. Such as the strong friendship between Lennie and George. Which in the end, drove George to kill Lennie for his own good. Some characters such as Lennie show how many people at this time had dreams of owning there own piece of land and being able to retire in peace with no one to tell them what to do. This reflects the view of optimism and hope in the book. However some characte rs such as Crooks see the world around them as desperate and solitary. Crooks believes that no ones dream will come true and that nothing will ever get better, this is shown in the line, " Nobody ever gets to heaven, and nobody never gets no land." (page 106) He also says that Lennie's dream will always stay as a dream and will never come true. The novel " Of Mice and Men" on the whole gives many views of hope and optimism and many views of the characters in the book living in a desperate society. I believe that the book balances itself out and that there are equal amounts of each view. The book being as equally optimistic as it is pessimistic. I will discuss how Steinbeck shows these views through his selection of characters and scene settings over the next few paragraphs. At the time the book Of Mice and Men is set many people in America and other countries had a very pessimistic outlook on life. The book reflects this view in its character opinions and scene settings. From 1929 to 1939 there were failed businesses, harsh poverty and many people were in long term unemployment. Many people made the migration to California looking for work. Most travelled alone, however, in the case of Lennie and George t... ...9) Curley,Slim or Carlson do not seem to show any dreams in the book and this could be counted as optamistic and hopeful in nothing will ever get worse or it coould be counted as a symbol of a desperate society in that nothing will ever get better. Curley's wife has two dreams. These being that she wants to talk to otheres, most probably women as she has lacked talking to another woman for a long time, this is shown in the line, "passion of communication" (page ??). Curley's wifes other dream is to be a star in Hollywood. Her dreams are mainly optamistic in that she believes in themm fully. This is shown in the line, "Maybe I will" (page ??). This is when she is talking to Lennie about her dream of being a movie star and she says that maybe she will be a movie star yet. This shows great optamism and hope in Curley's wife's character. The surroundings in Of Mice and Men are constant throughout. This shows how although the characters change dramaticly throught the course of the book nature always stays the same. Many thing which are at the start of the book such as, "

Curley’s Wife Essay

Examine how your chosen novelist presents a particular character. Refer closely to the text in your answer to support your views. In this essay I will explore â€Å"Of Mice and Men† written by John Steinbeck and how the author represents the character â€Å"Curley’s Wife† who is a vindictive and cruel person throughout the story up until near to her death Steinbeck portrays her as â€Å"can be nice†. Curley’s Wife from the start was seen as property of Curley and Steinbeck has never mentioned that Curley’s Wife never had a name and is always referred to as ‘Curley’s Wife’ the possessive apostrophe is symbolic Curley’s Wife was very flirtatious ‘She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward’. She was also very lonely because her husband didn’t love her and only wanted her as property. Steinbeck first introduced Curley’s Wife as a girl not a woman which implies that she is looked down upon and obviously isn’t yet worthy enough to be a woman. She always pr etends to be looking for Curley for an excuse to talk to the other men on the ranch and flirts with them and when Slim tells her Curley is in the house she instantly runs off this would mean that she’s scared of Curley and doesn’t want to socialize with him. She wears red clothing as sign as danger to men and is responsible of her death because Lennie has a mind of a seven year old and her red clothing attracts Lennie. She likes to talk to George and Lennie even though she doesn’t know them. Candy discriminates Curley’s Wife by saying ‘Curley’s married†¦ a tart’. He warns George and Lennie about her. The novel is set in the 1930’s at the time of the great depression in America. The woman back then had then had no rights and was classed as ‘property’ of their husbands. Also racism was a problem and the black people also had no rights. They were treating as slaves. Crooks in Of Mice and Men is black and Curley’s Wife is racist towards him numerous times throughout the story ‘Well you keep your trap shut, Nigger’, she also calls Lennie horrible names such ‘Dum-Dum’ because of his disability. Because of the great depression in the 1930’s and employers wouldn’t employ woman because of the discrimination, she couldn’t leave Curley because she couldn’t afford to. She also attacks Candy and calls him ‘a lousy ol’ sheep’ because he is  old and not very active he also follows round with the group (Curley, Crooks G&L etc). In part 5 of the story we see a softer side of Curley’s wife because she shares her hopes and with Lennie. She sees herself in movies and hopes to be a big Hollywood star. She herself was once taken advantage of by a man who stated that he would make her hopes and dreams come true

Last Child in the Woods Essay

In this article, Last Child in the Woods, Richard Louv describes the importance that children have the ability to grow up and experience as their parents did through the back seat of a car. Louv’s purpose is to compel parents to stop giving in to technological advances and to start persuading their children to embrace the world. He uses his personal experiences to convey his point of view and he uses short simple sentences. Throughout the essay he is a strong advocate when making sure children enjoy reality instead of living in this technological age. He most frequently uses short simple sentences. This brevity keeps the audience intrigued and keeps the flow of the piece going. In the article he says, â€Å"The highways edges may not be postcard perfect,† (47-48). Its simplicity makes its understandable to all ages, so it’s relatable by both parents and their children. Its effect on the audience is to try and persuade them to say no to all the technology for their children and to show them what the world has to offer. Louv uses personal experiences from childhood as his second rhetorical strategy. An example from the text is the entire last paragraph when he is talking about all the things he saw from the back seat of his car as a child. Here are a few things he said , â€Å"We saw birds on the wires and combines in the field.† and â€Å"We held our little plastic cars against the glass and [pretended that they, too, were racing towards some unknown destination.† He uses this as to play with the readers emotional side, ethos. The reason behind it is that by play with their emotions it will persuade them to believe that his principles are ethically correct. Louv concludes his article by stating how even though life in the back seat can be boring and mundane; it can also shape us into who we are today.

Management Using Data Mining And Data Warehousing Information Technology Essay Example

Management Using Data Mining And Data Warehousing Information Technology Essay Example Management Using Data Mining And Data Warehousing Information Technology Essay Management Using Data Mining And Data Warehousing Information Technology Essay Data excavation has been used for happening utile and related information from different beginnings ; Data Warehousing has been used for hive awaying organisation informations it is merely like a shop, Knowledge direction ( KM ) has been used for pull offing the cognition. The job of big sum of informations in the organisations, it is challenge for determination shapers to command the informations ( Shaw, Subramaniam, A Tan, A ; A Welge, 2001 ) . In 1999, it was estimated that 30 % of houses informations warehouses contained greater than one trillion characters of informations ( Bransten, 1999 cited in Heinrichs, A ; A Lim, 2003 p.103 ) . Harmonizing to Shaw et Al ( 2001 ) the information repositing and knowledge direction contribute for informations excavation procedure. Data excavation techniques can be used for detecting undeveloped forms of informations signifier informations warehouses ( Nemati, Steiger, Iyer A ; Herschel, 2002 ) . Data excavation is a procedure of nontrivial extraction of implicit, antecedently unknown, and potentially utile information from databases ( Chen, Han, A ; Yu, 1996 cited in Chen, Chen A ; A Tung, 2006 p.1505 ) It is really difficult to mange and do determinations organize immense sum of informations. Organizations or even little concerns want their informations to be meaningful, manageable and optimized. Time is money and organisations do nt desire to blow their clip to seek records from different beginnings ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) . Sometimes directors need to take speedy determinations and it is difficult for them because related information is stored in different formats and even on different locations and organisations do nt desire to blow clip. The information size is traveling to increase and it is really difficult for a determinations shaper to pull out related information from immense sums of informations ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) . In this study how determination devising from immense sum of informations by utilizing informations excavation techniques ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) . In this study, how we extract our interesting form from database. The remaining of the study is divided into following subdivisions. In subdivision 2, is about background of the DSS, KM, DM, Data repositing and connexion between DSS, KM, DM, and informations warehousing. In Section 3 is a instance survey of Ghani Group of companies procurement section presented, in subdivision 4 is how informations excavation assisting to determination devising is discussed in subdivision 5 is about treatment and future work and in the last subdivision 6 is decision of the study. 2. Theory 2.1 Overview of DSS Decision devising is a really tuff and encephalon storming undertaking. It can be more tuff and negative affect non merely concern even your personal life, if you have non good information about background cognition of the undertaking. If you have good background cognition and history of any relevant determination that you have made it can be really helpful for doing determination. The construct of DSSs was introduced, from a theoretical point of position, in the late sixtiess ( Zopounidis, Doumpos A ; Matsatsinis, 1997 p.260 ) . We have needs determination support system for doing rapidly and acquiring positive consequences on our concern. What is determination support system? Harmonizing to Keen and Scott Morton s ( 1978, p 1 ) cited in ( Alenljung, 2008 ) : Decision support implies the usage of computing machines to: ( 1 ) Aid directors in their determination processes in semi structured undertakings. ( 2 ) Support, instead than replace, managerial judgement. ( 3 ) Better the effectivity of determination doing instead than its efficiency. And how is work. Harmonizing to Turban s ( 1990, p 109 ) definition cited in ( Alenljung, 2008 ) : A DSS is an synergistic, flexible, and adaptable CBIS [ Computer-Based Information System ] that utilizes determination regulations, theoretical accounts, and theoretical account bases coupled with a comprehensive database and the determination shaper s ain penetrations, taking to specific, implementable determinations in work outing jobs that would non be conformable to direction scientific discipline optimisation theoretical accounts per Se. Therefore, a DSS supports complex determination devising and increases its effectivity. A DSS is a computing machine based, user friendly, support for different determination devising at different managerial degrees, efficient and effectual system ( Alter, 1980 ; Bidgoli, 1989 ; Keen A ; Scott Morton, 1978 ; Mallach 1994 ; Marakas, 1999 ; Sprague, 1989 ; Turban et al. , 2007 cit ed in Alenljund, 2008 ) . There are different types of determination support harmonizing to Power s ( 2002 ) cited in Alenljund, 2008 classs are: Data-driven DSS Model-driven DSS Knowledge-driven DSS Document-driven DSS Communication-driven and group DSS. In this study I have chiefly concern data-driven DSS. Data-driven determination support system is assisting for analysis from the big sum of informations and informations repositing, executive information system and informations excavation are subcategories of data-driven determination support system ( Power, 2002 ; Turban et al.,2007 cited in Alenljund, 2008 ) . In the data-driven determination support system we use historical informations informations is loaded into the informations warehouse and is accessed at that place, but one time the snapshot of information is made, the informations in the warehouse does non alter ( Inmon A ; Hackathorn, 1994, p 10 cited in Alenjund, 2008 ) . And informations excavation can assist to happening concealed form and values from the informations ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) . Data-driven emphasizes the analysis of informations that are in big measure. This type of DSS normally data warehouses, EIS, and analytical systems ( Power, 2002 ; Turban et a l.,2007 cited in Alenljund, 2008 ) . It accesses the big sum of structured informations from companies informations and external every bit good. The users of this type of DSS are troughs, staff and providers ( Power, 2002 ) . The intent of data-driven DSS is query informations from informations ware houses and engineerings used in data-driven DSS are client waiter or we can utilize web as good ( power, 2002 ) . The primary aim of these engineerings is to do the informations accessible for direction and allow it be turned into information to back up decision-making ( Lohman et al, 2003 ) . 2.2. Overview of Data Mining in Decision support System Simply stated, informations excavation refers to pull out or excavation cognition from big sums of information. Harmonizing to Han A ; Kamber ( 2006 ) Data excavation is the procedure of pull outing concealed forms from informations. As more information is gathered, with the sum of informations duplicating every three old ages ( Lyman, 2000 ) , informations excavation is going an progressively of import tool to transform this information into cognition. Data excavation is normally used in every type of application in these yearss like fraud sensing, selling applications etc. In the information mineworker centered DM rhythm, there are five stages: communication and planning, developing hypotheses, informations readying, choosing DM tools, and measuring DM consequences, most of the descriptions of these stages can be found in the DM literature ( Berry A ; Linoff, 2000 ) . 2.2.1 Data Mining Tasks Data excavation is the procedure of seeking and analysing informations in order to happen inexplicit, but potentially utile, information ( Berry and Linoff, 2007 ) . Data excavation involves choosing, researching and patterning immense sums of informations to pull out unknown forms and the consequence of that comprehensive information from big sums of informations ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) . Data excavation has a statistical analysis graphical representation, regulation find, determination trees. Extracting forms from big informations sets is a information excavation undertaking. We can split informations mining undertakings into five classs ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) : Figure1: figure is taken from ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) Dependence analysis The primary type of dependence cognition is the association between sets of points stated with some minimal specified assurance ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . This type of analysis is helpful for marketing analysis for illustration a client purchases eggs and how many opportunities are at that place he/she purchases bread excessively. Market basket analysis is another name of dependence analysis ( shaw et Al, 2001 ) Class designation We can sort clients into categories, for illustration we can do a category of one client income, often purchased points, and past purchases of that client ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Concept description Concept description is a technique to group clients based on their sphere cognition and the database, without any forced definitions of the groups ( Shaw et al, 2001, p.129 ) . Concept description can be used for summarisation, favoritism, or comparing of selling and client cognition ( Shaw et al, 2001 p.129 ) . Data summarisation is the procedure of deducing a characteristic sum-up of a information subset that is interesting with regard to domain cognition and the full information file ( Shaw et al, 2001 p.129 ) . Customers profile can be build utilizing grouping harmonizing to their business, income and interesting thing that he/she purchase ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Deviation sensing Deviation sensings are really utile for detecting the anomalousness and alterations ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Anomalies can be defined as those things that have uniqueness or different from the normal ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . For illustration recognition card company happen a sudden addition in the recognition purchases of an single client ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . It may be behavioural alteration of a client, and non needfully a fraud ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Therefore, verification of the alteration is made after probe and the cognition is updated ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Data visual image There are many package plans available for informations visual image intents for illustration graph base representation is 2-dimensionaland 3- dimensional ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . Data visual image can be used to tie in other undertakings such as dependence analysis, category designation, concept description and divergence sensing ( Shaw et al, 2001 p.130 ) . Day by twenty-four hours informations is traveling to increase and his creates troubles for direction to take determinations utilizing old informations, for illustration a procurance section wants to buy some points, foremost of all the procurance trough checks the providers that already supplied these points so he/she cheques the which provider gave good rates, quality and supply in clip ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . The procurement director can pull out this information by utilizing informations excavation methods ( Shaw et al, 2001 ) . 2.2.2 Knowledge Discovered from Database Figure2: The above figure is taken from informations mining book by ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) . It show the stairss of cognition Discovered from Database ( KDD ) In the above figure, we understand domain larning. In selected procurance instance survey we learn all the relevant information for points purchase. We find the utile characteristics for all purchases, provider, supply goods, faulty points how many times a specific provider supply the same point and how many times same mistake is repeated. Then we apply categorization, sum up, constellating etc and eventually we present the cognition. There are four common maps in informations excavation ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) : Categorization It describes and distinguishes the categories for future anticipation ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) . For illustration this recognition card is fraud or non? Classify the states harmonizing to their clime ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) . This provider provide the goods in clip or non etc Clustering Grouping informations into signifier of new categories ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) . For illustration a provider payments, supplier purchase orders, provider citations etc. Arrested development In arrested development we find the solutions that decrease the mistakes. Association regulation It define the connexion between different points for illustration if a purchase requisition have less points so what is the provider citation and if the no of points are increase so what is the provider citation. If in purchase petitions have more than one point so what is the provider response about it alternatively a individual point. We use informations excavation for acquiring historical informations ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) the chief purpose to this study to increase the determination doing power utilizing historical or old informations. Mostly companies do non utilize their old informations, ghani group of companies has same job, they do non utilize there old informations, they think that it is nonmeaningful, clip consuming, excess load and necessitate more human resources for utilizing old informations. But in existent universe historical information is meaningful, clip economy, assisting to diminishing the load, when we are roll uping informations we need excess human resources but when it completed and organized state of affairs will wholly alter and it decrease the cost of excess human resources, if we mine this information and do some interesting forms from that information it will helpful in the future determination devising. We can detect our error that companies did in the past, we can detect utilizin g old informations in meaningful ways and increase determination devising. Connection between DSS, KM and DM The intent of informations excavation and determination support system solves the hard and large jobs ( Bohanec A ; Zupan, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Bojance and Zupan ( 2001 ) The integrating of DM and DS may better the quality of problem-solving methods, procedures, and achieved consequences. Data excavation and information warehouses for illustration informations regular hexahedron, OLAP, information marketplaces, determination trees and so on can be used for doing determinations as it has used in instance survey. The cognition from antecedently stored used make new cognition assisting to determination shaper to do determination ( Nemati, Steiger, Iyer A ; Herschel, 2002 ) . Explicit cognition generated from GSS brainstorming Sessionss and stored as text watercourses can be analyzed by text excavation package, a signifier of AI based information excavation, to supply cardinal words, related constructs, bunchs of similar thoughts, etc ( Nemati, Steiger, Iyer A ; Herschel, 2002 p.147 ) . Park et Al ( 2001 ) proposed the KREFS cognition direction model has four major faculties, the natural information preprocess and send to data excavation faculty so knowledge extracted from informations mining faculty and direct it to knowledge polish and cognition public presentation component faculties. Harmonizing to Nemati et Al ( 2002 ) cognition wherhouse consist of six constituents ( 1 ) the data/knowledge acquisition faculty, ( 2 ) the two feedback cringles, ( 3 ) the extraction, transmutation and burden faculty, ( 4 ) a cognition warehouse ( storage ) faculty, ( 5 ) the analysis work bench, and ( 6 ) a communicating manager/ user interface faculty . The information excavation techniques like association regulations apply for old cognition to acquiring new forms from old informations utilizing as input for determination support system. 3. Case study-presentation The intent of this study is to efficient usage to informations excavation techniques for determination support system. The usage of informations mining techniques to better the whole concern procedure, as it has shown in instance survey of the procurance section. Introduction of company First of all brief introduce of the Ghani group of companies. Ghani Group is a Lahore based group which is running a diverse scope of concerns including three glass workss, an car works, a figure of taking excavation companies, and trading houses. The Ghani Group of companies has an one-year turnover of over 5 billion Sri lanka rupees. Their venture into the fabrication field took the signifier of Ghani Glass, incorporated in 1992 and get downing production in 1995, organizing the first measure on the route to success of Ghani Glass limited, which today own three glass workss viz. GGL1 Hattar, GGL2 Landhi and GGL3 Sheikhupura. Background and Problems From my experience of the Ghani Group of companies in the section of Procurement, the procedure of procurance is a manual. The duty of procurement section is buying natural stuff or any type of goods that ghani group of companies demand. It has some draw dorsums and first of all how purchase requisitions occur, how it reach in the procurance section, and so how the procurance section works that purchase petition measure by measure every bit defined below. Bing a anchor of the Ghani Group of companies Procurement Department it is still working under the traditional methods of buying. Pull offing more than 100 petitions per twenty-four hours is a hard occupation for the staff. As specified earlier, their procurance system is traditional. Demands and purchase requisitions come from the workss and so procurement staff get down the procedure. The purchase requisitions come from the works by station or particular individual allocated for that intent. When the purchase requisitions reach in the procurance section foremost the requisitions are being separate harmonizing to their nature. Then they are handed over to the appropriate field staff that brings them to market ( Suppliers/Vendors ) . They collect the rates from 3 to 4 providers and subject them to the procurance coordinator in the corporate office who compares the rates and finalizes the order by making a insouciant deal with the provider. A purchase order is issued with the blessing of the manager procurance and the provider gets apt to supply the needed stuff on committed rates and required bringing program. As the providers send the stuff to the works, the chief shop issues a GRIR papers ( Good Received and Inspection Report ) , which authenticates that the stuffs has received with the criterions needed and committed. The procurance section receives the GRIR and submits them to the accountant section with the bills of stuff to finalise the payments. How natural stuffs or any other purchase petition cause meet demand on. The procurement section of the Ghani Group of companies Lahore has some jobs in buying points, since the Ghani groups of companies have many workss in different metropoliss and the procurement section of Ghani group of companies is situated in City Lahore. The procurance section duties to carry through every works purchase petitions ( natural stuff or any type of goods ) . For illustration bike works out of natural stuff. The works trough cheques if the natural stuff is available in stock list or non if stuff is non available in the stock list. The director of the section concerned makes a purchase requisitions for needful points. In the Purchase Requisition there are reference Department Name and Address, day of the month, point Idaho, point name, No of Item, Unit, needed day of the month, and remarks. The Purchase Requisition id sent to the procurance section manually by manus or by station. When purchase requisitions reach the procurance section. They are sorted out and manus after the concern individuals. The individual Concerned checks the purchase requisition and contacts providers that he/she has on record. The provider gives rates of that point, manner of payment and bringing day of the month. The procurance coordinator compares all the citations and gives a purchase order to the provider selected. At this phase the Ghani Group of companies face job, if they do non pull off the cognition. If they compare old records they need a batch of clip to make that because they have no records of old records except packages of documents in files. Then the provider supplies the point desired to the requested section. The requested section checks the quality of points and measure of points ; the requested section sends the Goods Received Investigation Report ( GRIR ) to the history subdivision. The provider besides sends the bill to the history section. The procurance section had already sent the purchase order transcript to the history section. The history section makes the payment to the provider. In this method there are many jobs and we holding batch of records of providers after some old ages. Company needs batch of human resource. Company need batch of infinite required where we save the paper based records. Lot of clip is required to seek the specific merchandise record that had purchased some twelvemonth ago. In Procurement section demand determination support system, helpful for doing determinations in selecting and linking providers. The chief job of the procurement section of the Ghani Group of companies is that they lack of cognition direction. Company has batch of informations after few old ages. Ghani group of companies should mange that information in a signifier that it supports for determination devising. For all purchase requisitions, citations, purchase orders, goods received probe study, bills etc, we should sort the informations and extract cognition from it. 4. Deployment Analysis and Design This subdivision is about description of the system. The system will be web based. Harmonizing to Bharati A ; Chaudhury ( 2004 p.187 ) Web-based determination support systems are being employed by organisations as determination AIDSs for employees every bit good as clients . First of all we have to roll up the informations from all beginnings as described in the figure below. We have extract cognition from informations and happen interesting forms from that information ( Venter et al, 1997 ) . The information is now in good formed and meaningful. Data excavation techniques ( determinations tree, regulation finds, categorization etc ) for the intent of determination support system ( Wan A ; Lei, 2009 ) we can easy take many determinations for illustration about supplier choice, old purchase records, supplier history etc. When we manage the informations in Knowledge Management utilizing informations excavation techniques the procurance section can easy do determinations. The diagram shows the high degree extraction from operational databases and other beginnings. Figure3: The above figure is taken from informations mining book by ( Han A ; Kamber, 2001 ) . The above usage instance diagram shows how procurement coordinators can interact the system. The diagram besides shows what tasks that procurance coordinator to execute. Data Base Design This is the proposed database design. We can utilize this database for salvaging records, recovering records, modifying records, delete records. How system Work In my intent system there will be a web based system. If any point should be out of stock, the concern director ( section director ) login the system in and creates a purchase requisition when he shall come in the point information point codification or point name in the purchase requisition signifier, the system will demo automatically the available measure of that point. This is produce with the aid of determination support system. The concern trough fills out the purchase requisition signifier and submits that form to the system. Some clip he want to cognize when this point purchased last clip how much measure and where it has used we make these type of regulation utilizing informations excavation techniques. When new purchase requisitions arrive in the system, the system shows an qui vive and the procurance director cheques and verifies that purchase requisition. He can verify for wrong entry or multiple entry etc. After verifying he/she will print that purchase petition on the web. The system besides sends an electronic mail to all relevant registered providers for that purchase petition. The providers view the purchase petitions and submit their citations to the system. In the instance of a new provider should register himself in the system. It will be web based so local providers registry and subject citations every bit good as international providers. The procurance trough gets all the citations from the system and so analyse them. At this phase we implement informations excavation techniques in our system. We enter the point code/name the system will demo us old records of that point, the providers name and point rate, the provider Goods Received Investigation Report that have purchased late. We can pull out different type of informations utilizing informations excavation for illustration we make some regulations ( Wan A ; Lei, 2009 ) like best provider who supply that merchandise we shall look into these properties merchandise lowest cost, best quality, minimal shipment clip, and long clip recognition installation. This type of association regulations build. In these records we can easy analyse any provider and citation that we have received. Databases Cost Quality Shipment clip Credit Facility Decision Making Using determination support system we can easy do determinations. We can recycle old informations, for illustration we can look into the provider s history like cost, quality, shipped clip and recognition installation. We can look into that the provider delivers points in clip or non. So data excavation is used for pull outing informations from databases and gives input to determination shaper as shown above in the figure. We can see the informations from different angles and do determinations from this cognition. It will increase the control for choosing supplier procedure. It will besides assist for many procedures are automated. One of the providers shall be selected for a purchase order on the footing of old cognition and his new citation. After successfully holding delivered the points, the provider shall besides subject an bill. The concern director shall do a GRIR on the bases of the purchase order. The accountant shall verify the bill with GRIR and purchase order and so he shall unclutter the payment of that provider on the method which is mentioned in the purchase order. So it is really helpful for determination devising, whenever the procurance section receives the new purchase petition. They can easy reach providers. The procurement section can easy do determinations which provider is the best. In some instances, points ( natural stuff ) can needed desperately so the procurance section look into the old bringing of that point and contact that provider. If any organisation implements that system they will hold good bases for determination devising. Implementing that system they will non necessitate a immense figure of human resorts for the procurance section. After deployment of the undertaking in the ghani group of companies it will helpful making interesting forms from the old fresh information ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) , it will helpful for pull offing the cognition in the signifier of informations marketplaces ( Han A ; Kamber 2006 ) , it will diminish the cost of human resources, it will helpful when the new procurance director replace, it will increase the determination doing power, it will helpful for doing speedy determinations, it will helpful for larning errors that company did in the yesteryear, it will helpful for diminishing the frauds in the procurance section, and it will increase the efficiency of the section. The system will demo all the historical information which come the determination rapidly. The system shows the old records of relevant purchases and its affects that will helpful for larning positive and negative points for illustration purchase order given to non popular provider, who gave us non standard natural st uff with low monetary value. If the natural stuff is non up to standard the resulted merchandise will non reliable and it will damage the company reputation. A instance survey has discussed in the paper of Chen et Al ( 2007 ) it will specifically manage the procurance section but my proposed system mange the whole procedure of procurance from purchase petition coevals to raw stuff delivered. 5. Discussion The information excavation techniques are helpful and usage for determination support system. Harmonizing to shaw et Al ( 2001 ) Ghani group of companies belief that it is need and requirement to deeply understand and usage of cognition direction and informations excavation for determination support system. Harmonizing to Power ( 2002 ) there are different types of determination support system. In this study chiefly stress on data-driven determination support system for pull outing cognition from big sum of informations ( Nilsson A ; Ziemke, 2007 ) . The procurance coordinators ( determination shapers ) confronting batch of jobs during the procurement procedure in the Ghani group of companies. The handiness of big volume of informations, made possible by modern information engineering, a major job is to filtrate, kind, procedure, analyze and manage this information in order to pull out the information relevant to the user and the growing in the size and figure of bing databases far exceeds human abilities to analyse such informations utilizing traditional tools and therefore creates both a demand and an chance for informations excavation tools ( shaw et Al, 2001 p.135-136 ) . The information excavation techniques utilizing web as described in instance survey will hold better decision-making satisfaction with timely, accurate, and complete information ( Bharati A ; Chaudhury, 2004 ) The part of the study is use of informations excavation technique specially association regulations for determination support system and a web based system acquiring inputs from the informations excavation for determination support system. The system has designed to carry through the demands of procurance section but it will be extendible to whole organisation the undermentioned research issues are identified: How we can we seprate the trd What type of function drama gatekeepers of the workss? How to hive away new natural stuff? How to incorporate the system into whole organisation? 6. Decision In this study I present a instance survey of procurement systems. We have lot of informations that is nonmeaningful and we have to utilize in an efficiently manner so that we can make determination support system. I used informations excavation and Knowledge Management for determination devising. We can salvage clip and money implementing the system in the organisation. We can do speedy determinations for any instance of purchase. We can pull off our informations in a good organized signifier. The system shall work in optimized.

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Are leaders born or made - Essay Example The first scientific investigations of leadership, performed in the 1930s, were interested with naming several individual psychological qualities that may differentiate leaders from non-leaders. Eventually, this became widely recognized as ‘The Great Man’ leadership theory (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson 2008). They also determined that the qualities they had classified seemed to vary randomly, differed from leader to leader, and merely became evident after individuals had attained leadership positions (Kouzes & Posner 2007). This was a normal outcome of the reality that they may only examine leaders after the incident, when they had become leaders themselves. Additional research suggested that the relationship between leadership and particular leadership attributes is insignificant, comprising only roughly 10 per cent of the aspects that determine whether an individual was a leader or not (Kouzes & Posner 2007). Unexpectedly, further research has failed to resolve conclusively the issue ‘Are leaders born or made?’ and this lingers a subject of intense debate among scholars. In terms of this ongoing debate between nurture and nature, this essay will try to answer this lingering issue of leadership by drawing on concepts of human motivation and various leadership approaches. Ho wever, as Gardner (1990) argued: â€Å"Many dismiss the subject with the confident assertion that ‘leaders are born not made.’ Nonsense! Most of what leaders have that enables them to lead is learned. Leadership is not a mysterious activity†¦ And the capacity to perform those tasks is widely distributed in the population† (p. xv). Stogdill (1974) emphasized that â€Å"there are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept† (p. 259). This essay does not aim to add still another definition. However, there are fundamental defining components of leadership in

Children Buying Behavior and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Children Buying Behavior and Marketing - Essay Example The adolescent group is the most vulnerable to such type of advertisements as they are seeking a string association to gain a sense of security. Thus advertisers have clearly created a separate domain for segmenting the boys and girls as separate target groups. The girls are made to feel or establish a feeling of anxiety about their health and body by displaying models that symbolizes their product range. The consumer societies have strongly intervened in this issue and have initiated awareness for both the parents and the youth on the health impacts the advertisements could cause on long-term basis. The gender being utilized in the generating higher consumption of goods is a conventional strategy in business. Though the intervention by consumer societies have helped to tone down the gravity of these advertisements the power of market is so enormous that the awareness programmes cannot be expected to gain a comprehensive success in their mission. Thus the case study is undertaken to evaluate the relative effect of the advertisements on the purchase decisions made by youth in United States. The specific objectives addressed in the study are (i) To understand the influence of consumer societies on the influencing the consumer attitude in young children in the United States. (ii) To assess the impact of the advertisements that portrays women differently in the magazines and further influences the shopping decisions of young children especially across young boys and girls. 2. Literature Children represents a very strong market segment and advertisers recognize these aspects and the extend of brand loyalty that could be carried into the adulthood. Though it is established knowledge that as children don't understand the impact of the strong intentions of marketing it is considered unethical to advertise or display any promotional campaign before they attain a age of eight or nine. The consumer unions have expressed the views that as the children have very low ability to understand the reality and advertising content the advertising matter could in most of the situations distort the view about the world in children. Also, they have very low ability to assess the claims being made in the advertising matter. Also, expert academicians in the consumer behavior too have reinforced this claim that by saying the during the young ages the cognitive structures are in the formative stages and hence the children would be highly sensitive to the external influences (Mizerski, 1995 ). This especially true when such matter appears on the walls of the schools or on the book covers or on the anything related to their domains of closer interaction. These situations makes the children to believe that the contents are legitimate and start developing a positive inclination to the advertisement matter without analyzing the matter. The tender age fails to differentiate the commercial component in such displays and fails to understand the manipulative actions hidden in it. Often the advertisements create a sense of reality in the mind of children and they try to relate them with the regular news features in